Ukusetshenziswa kwamadekhi ebhuloho eFiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) kuguqula isimo sokwakhiwa kwebhuloho.
Amabhuloho endabuko enziwe ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi kudala ehlushwa ukugqwala nokucekelwa phansi kukakhonkolo, angafinyeleli nje ukuphila kwamabhuloho kodwa futhi okungase kuholele ezingozini ezinkulu zokuphepha. Le nkinga ibucayi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini ezine-ion ephezulu ye-chloride, lapho ukugqwala kwamabhuloho kuyinkinga enkulu. Ngakho, ukwenza ngcono ukuqina kwezitezi zamabhuloho sekuyinselele enkulu kwezobunjiniyela bamabhuloho.
I-FRP ithathwa njengento efanelekile yokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwamabhuloho ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Izinhlelo zamabhuloho e-FRP ngokuvamile ziza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: izakhiwo ze-FRP zonke kanye namadekhi ayinhlanganisela ye-FRP-ukhonkolo, anamafomu ahlukahlukene ahlukene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitezi zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe zendabuko, izitezi ze-FRP zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi: zenziwe ngaphambili ezimbonini, zilula, futhi ziyashesha ukuzifaka; bamelana ngokuphumelelayo nokugqwala okuvela kusawoti weqhwa, amanzi olwandle, nama-ion e-chloride, behlisa izindleko zokuyilungisa; isisindo sabo esilula sinciphisa umthwalo ezakhiweni ezisekelayo; njengezinto ezinwebekayo, zingabuyela esimweni sazo sangempela ngaphansi kokugcwala ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile; futhi banokusebenza okuhle kokukhathala. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, amasistimu edekhi ye-FRP awasetshenziswa nje kuphela ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho amasha kodwa futhi afanele ukuvuselelwa kwamabhuloho amadala, athathe indawo yedeski likakhonkolo elivamile. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa isisindo sedeskithophu kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwebhuloho.
![I-FRP Bridge Decks3tmy](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/526/image_other/2023-12/6572e708c75d827884.jpg)
Izici ezithwala imithwalo zamadekhi ebhuloho le-FRP ikakhulukazi zifaka izikhathi zokugoba, amandla okugunda, nengcindezi yendawo. Idekhi ye-FRP yonke ngokuvamile iqukethe izikhumba ze-FRP ezingaphezulu neziphansi kanye newebhu, enokucindezela okunesikhumba okuphezulu, ukungezwani okunesikhumba esiphansi, kanye newebhu ngokuyinhloko imelana namandla okugunda ngenkathi ixhuma izikhumba ezingaphezulu neziphansi. Ku-FRP-ukhonkolo/ukhuni oluyinhlanganisela yedeski, ukhonkolo noma ukhuni kubekwa endaweni yokuminyanisa, kuyilapho i-FRP ithwala kakhulu ukungezwani. Amandla okugunda phakathi kwawo adluliselwa ngezixhumi zokugunda noma izindlela zokunamathela. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyenziwe yasendaweni, amadekhi e-FRP nawo ahlangabezana nokugoba, ukugunda isibhakela, noma amandla okuchoboza; imithwalo ye-asymmetric iphinde ikhiqize i-torsion esigabeni. Njengoba i-FRP iwumsebenzi we-anisotropic kanye ne-non-homogeneous, imingcele yokusebenza kwayo kwemishini idinga ukunqunywa ngomklamo we-laminate, okwenza ukuklanywa kwamadekhi e-FRP kube inkimbinkimbi, edinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabaklami nabahlinzeki be-FRP abangochwepheshe.